Bansiq
Aerophone
Bansiq
Group: Hanunoo
Photographs copyright: F. de JagerClassification
Aerophone, chip-on-ledge flute:
Description
Slightly curved bamboo tube, closed on one side by a node and cut off under an angle. On the cut off surface an extra piece of banboo is tied. One finger hole on the side with the chip is visible; on the other side are three more finger holes.
Dimensions: length: 31,5 cm., diameter: 1,5 cm.
Remarks
Ethnic group: Hanunoo
Location: Mindoro
Similar instrument is played by:
- Negrito, Zambales, Luzon; bulungudyung
source: www.kipas.nl
Diw-diwas
Aerophone
Diw-diwas
-Hinihipan ng manunugtog ang mga butas nito nang hindi sumasayad ang mga labi niya sa mga butas-Ito ay binubuo ng limang maninipis nakawayan
Pasiyok
Aerophone
Pasiyok
-Pinupuno ng tubig ang katawan nito at hinihipan ang isang maliit nabutas sa dulo ng tubo.
-Ito ay yari sa kawayan at ito ay isang uri ng water whistle.
Courting flute
Aerophone
Courting flute
Local name : unknown
Group: Bontoc
Photographs, copyright: F. de JagerClassification
Aerophone, vertical flute
Description
Short bamboo tube, cut off on the node and closed with a piece of wood, lower part of the hole cut off in the node, with a hole in the center.
Dimensions: length: 14,7 cm., dimater: 1,6 cm.
Remarks
Ethnic group: Bontoc, Ifugao
Location: North Luzon (Cordillera)
Similar instruments are played by neighbouring tribes such as the Ifugao.
Ifugao man playing the courting flute (Banaue)
Photograph copyright F. de Jager
source: www.kipas.nl
Kalleleng
Aerophone
Kalleleng
Group: Bontoc
Nose flutes
The end of the tubes with the blowing hole burnt in the node.
On the right: the Tongali from the Kalingga
Photographs copyright: F. de Jager
Nose flute, ethnic group unknown, probably Bontoc,
viewed from both sidesClassification
Aerophone, vertical flute, nose flute
Description
Long bamboo tubes, closed at one end by the node in which the blowing hole is burnt. The flute has three finger holes. The blowing hole is placed under an angle against the nose and the player gently blows into the tube.
Dimensions (from top to bottom):
- flute 1: length: 71 cm., diameter: 2 cm.
- flute 2: length: 51,5 cm., diameter: 2 cm.
The kalleleng is held against the nostril;
the other nostril is plugged
Photograph copyright: F. de Jager
Courtesy Philippine Council for Living TraditionsRemarks
Ethnic group: Bontoc
Location: North Luzon (Cordillera)
Similar instruments are played by:
- Kalingga, North Luzon, Cordillera;tongali
- Kankanay, North Luzon, Cordillera
- Negrito, Tayabas, Camarines, Luzon
- Tagbanua, Palawan; beberek
source: www.kipas.nl
Lantuy
Aerophone
Lantuy
Group: Hanunoo
Photograph copyright: F. de JagerClassification
Aerophone, horizontal flute
Description
Bamboo tube, closed at one end by a node (on the right on the picture).
Dimensions; length: 31,5 cm., diameter: 1,5 cm.
Remarks
Ethnic group: Hanunoo
Location: Mindoro
Similar instruments are played by:
- Tagbanua, Palawan
- Bukid, Mindoro; lipanu
source: www.kipas.nl
Palandag
Aerophone
Palandag
Group: Bagobo
Views from both sides
Photographs copyright: F. de JagerClassification
Aerophone, lip valley flute (notch flute)
Description
Two by two fingerholes. Protruding mouthpiece with a hole. The instrument is decorated with carvings blackened by burning. For playing technique: see Pulalu
Dimensions: length: 18,6 cm, diameter 1,2 cm.
Remarks
Ethnic group: Bagobo
Location: SE Mindanao
Similar instruments are played by:
- Maguindanao, Central-west Mindanao (muslim south); palendag
- Maranao, Central-west Mindanao (muslim south)
- Tiruray, SW Mindanao
- Manobo Bukidnon, East Mindanao
- Manobo Agusan, East Mindanao
- Mansaka, SE Mindanao; Pulalu
- Kalingga, North Luzon; Paldong
source: www.kipas.nl
Paldong
Aerophone
PaldongGroup: Kalingga
Front view
The mouthpiece, the one on the left is the Paldong
Photographs copyright: F. de JagerClassification
Aerophone, lip valley flute (notch flute)
Description
Open bamboo pipe, top end cut at an angle (see pictures). Three by one fingerholes. For playing technique: see Pulalu
Dimensions: length: 69,2 cm, diameter 1,6 cm.
Remarks
Ethnic group: Kalingga
Location: North Luzon (Cordillera)
source: www.kipas.nl
Pulalu
Aerophone
Pulalu
Group: Mansaka
Front view
The mouthpiece, the one on the right is the Pulalu
The mouthpiece of the Pulalu is pressed againt the lower lip;
the flute is blown like a pan pipe (Mansaka)
Photographs copyright: F. de JagerClassification
Lip valley flute (notch flute), aerophone
Description
Open bamboo pipe, top end cut at an angle (see pictures). Two by two fingerholes.
Dimensions: length: 48,7 cm, diameter 1,4 cm.Remarks
Ethnic group: Mansaka
Location: SE Mindanao
- Maguinadanao, Central-west Mindanao (muslim south); palendag
- Maranao, Central-west Mindanao (muslim south);
- Tiruray, SW Mindanao
- Manobo, Bukidnon (East Mindano)
- Manobo, Agusan (East Mindanao)
- Bagobo, SE Mindanao; Palandag
- Kalingga, North Luzon; Paldong
source: www.kipas.nl
Sahunay
Aerophone
Sahunay
Group: Taosug
The piece of bamboo with the cut out reed was lost during storage
in the depots of the museum. The reed's blade is on the lower side.
Photographs copyright: F. de JagerClassification
Pipe with reed (clarinet): aerophone
Description
Tube with six fingerholes; mouth piece of bamboo with cut out reed; mouth shield made of coconut shell; bell made of leaf (probably bamboo) and blue plastic ribbon.
Dimensions:
Total length: 28,4 cm. diam. tube with fingerholes: 0,65 cm. widest diam bell: 3,7 cm.Remarks
Ethnic group: Taosug
Location: Sulu archipelago (muslim south)
Similar instruments are played by:
- Kalingga, North Luzon; Patottot
source: www.kipas.nl
Tongali
Aerophone
Tongali
Group: Kalingga
Noseflute
The end of the tubes with the blowing hole burnt in the node.
In the middle and on the left are Kalleleng from the Bontoc.
Photographs copyright: F. de JagerClassification
Aerophone, vertital flute. nose flute
Description
Long bamboo tubes, closed at one end by the node in which the blowing hole is burnt. The flute has three finger holes. The blowing hole is placed under an angle against the nose and the player gently blows into the tube.
Dimensions: length: 57,5 cm., diameter 2 cm.
The tongali is held against the nostril; the other nostril is plugged
Photograph copyright: F. de Jager - Courtesy Philippine Council for Living TraditionsRemarks
Ethnic group: Kalingga
Location: North Luzon (Cordillera)
Similar instruments are played by:
- Bontoc, North Luzon (Cordillera); kalleleng
- Kankanay, North Luzon (Cordillera)
- Negrito, Tayabas, Camarines, Luzon
- Tagbanua, Palawan; beberek
source: www.kipas.nl
Pas-ing
Chordophone
Pas-ing
-gamit ng mga Igorot
-Ito ay pinapatugtog sa pamamagitan ng pagkalabit ng mga daliri sa mga kwerdas nito-Ito ay yari sa kawayan at ito ay may dalawang kwerdas na yari sa kawayan.
Reference:
Jose Maceda, 1998. Gongs & Bamboo: A Panorama of Philippine Music Instruments. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press.
Aduwagay
Chordophone
Aduwagay
Group: B'laan
Aduwagay
Bow for adywagay
Photographs copyright: F. de JagerClassification
Chordophone, spike fiddle
Description
Follows...
Remarks
Ethnic group: B'laan (near T'boli)
Location: SE Mindanao (christian / animist part)
Similar instruments are played by:
- T'boli, SE Mindanao
source: www.kipas.nl
Kolitong
Chordophone
Kolitong
Group: Kalingga
Kolitong
The strings are cut loose from the skin and lifted by wooden bridges
The star shaped opening in the node
Photographs copyright: F. de JagerClassification
Chordophone, idiochord tube zither
Description
Bamboo tube, closed at both end by a node. In both nodes a star shaped opening is cut. Five strings are cut loose from the skin, and lifted and tuned with small pieces of wood. The tube is cracked and slightly opened to improve resonance.
Dimensions: length: 80 cm. diameter: 11,5 cm.
Remarks
Ethnic group: Kalingga
Location: North Luzon, Cordillera
Similar instruments are played by:
- T'boli, SE Mindanao; sludoy
- B'laan, SE Mindanao; salurai, sludai
- Manobo, Agusan, Mindanao; Tanko
- Manobo, Bukidnon, Mindanao;
- Tiruray, West Mindanao; togo
- Negrito, Luzon
- Hanunoo, Mindoro
- Ilongot, North Luzon;kolesing
- Ibaloi, North Luzon, kaltsang (half tube)
The Ibaloi play a bamboo half tube cither, the kaltsang
Photograph copyright: F. de Jager - Courtesy Philippine Council for Living Traditions
source: www.kipas.nl
Kudlung
Chordophone
Kudlung
Group: Bagobo
Kudlung
The head, adorned with horse hair
The body, carved with geometric patterns, the glued on frets and the strap
The tail with the two (originally three) piece sof carabao skin
Photographs copyright: F. de JagerClassification
Chordophone, two stringed boat lute
Description
Two stringed lute made of wood, one string for the melody, one for the drone. Eight frets are glued on the neck of the lute. The body of the instrument is carved with geometric patterns. The neck and the head are adorned with horse hair; the tail has two (originally three) pieces of carabao skin; the strap is adorned with bead work.
Dimensions: length: 98 cm., width: 8,5 cm., height: 5,5 cm.
Remarks
source: www.kipas.nl
Kudyapi
Chordophone
Kudyapi
Group: Maranao
Sideview
The head, decorated with floral motives, 'okiran'
The tail, decorated with the 'crocodile' motive
The bridge, made of wood and carabao horn
Photographs copyright: F. de JagerClassification
Chordophone, two stringed boat lute
Description
Two stringed lute made of wood, one string for the melody, one for the drone. Eight frets originally held in place placed on the neck of the lute by a sticky rubbery substance, propolis, produced by honey bees to repair damages and openings in the hive. The lute is decorated with floral motives; the tail is carved to represent a stylised crocodile head.
Dimensions: length: 152 cm., width: 11,5 cm.
Remarks
source: www.kipas.nl
Serongagandi
Chordophone
Serongagandi
Group: Maranao
Top view
Back view
The bridge is placed over a hole
Photographs copyright: F. de JagerClassification
Cither: chordophone
Description
Decorated bamboo tube, closed by a node at both ends. Two strings cut free and lifted by bamboo sticks and connected by a wooden bridge (or 'platform'). The bridge is situated over a hole which makes the tube a resonator.
Length: 41 cm. diameter: 9 cm.
Remarks
Ethnic group: Maranaw
Location: Central-west Mindanao (muslim south)
Similar instruments are played by:
- Tiruray, South-west Mindanao
- Manobo, Agusan, East Mindanao; Takumbo)
- Isneg, Northern Luzon
source: www.kipas.nl
Sludoy
Chordophone
Sludoy
Group: T'boli
The sludoy, turned 90 degrees for each picture
Photographs copyright: F. de Jager
A T'boli woman plays the sludoy, the woman in the background plays a hegelung.
Photograph copyright: F. de JagerClassification
Bamboo cither: chordophone, idiochord
Description
Tube cither made of bamboo; five strings cut from the tube; the tube is cut open with one full length crack and held together by bamboo strips at both ends. In this way the tube forms the resonating body of the instrument. Usually a piece of dried leaf is placed in the top end of the tube of which the fucntion is not clear.
Dimensions: length: 80 cm., diameter 11,5 cm.
Remarks
Ethnic group: T'boli
Location: South east Mindanao
Similar instruments are played by:
- B'laan, SE Mindanao; salurai, sludai
- Manobo, Agusan, Mindanao;Tanko
- Manobo, Bukidnon, East Mindanao
- Tiruray, West Mindanao;togo
- Negrito, Luzon
- Hanunoo, Mindoro
- Kalingga, North Luzon; kolitong
- Ilongot, North Luzon; kolesing
source: www.kipas.nl
Afiw
Idiophone
Afiw
Group: Bontoc
Photograph copyright: F. de JagerClassification
Idiophone, jaw harp
Description
Made of brass; the instrument is held horizontally with the metal tongue in front of the opened mouth. The left end is either hit by the thumb of the right hand or plucked (see photograph below). This makes the metal tongue vibrate which causes a sound. The mouth serves as a resonator and by changing the shape and size of the mouth opening, the overtones can be changed, thus creating a melody. By strongly breathing in or out the volume can be changed as well.
The string is made of wool.
Dimensions: length: 11,5 cm., width: 1,3 cm.
The Afiw is held before the opened mouth
Photograph copyright: F. de Jager - Courtesy Philippine Council for Living TraditionsRemarks
source: www.kipas.nl
Agung
Idiophone
Agung
Group: Maranao
Front view
Side view
Photographs copyright: F. de JagerClassification
Idiophone, bossed gong
Description
Gong with boss, made of iron. The gong is part of the Kulintang ensemble
Dimensions: diameter: 45 cm. depth: 21 cm.
Remarks
Ethnic group: Maranao
Location: West Central Mindanao (muslim south)
Similar instruments in various sizes and depths are played by practically all muslim and non-muslim groups in Mindanao (not in Luzon).
Among non-muslim groups in SE Mindanao
the agung is played as a solo instrument.
The sound is damped by the knee of the player
(Kalagan, Mount Tandawanan)
Photograph copyright: F. de Jager
Gangsa/Agung/Kulintang
-Ginagamit ng mga taong Igorot sa Kalinga, Ifugao, Bontoc at Apayao ng Luzon at pati ng mga tribung Maranao sa Midanao
-"Gangsa" ang tawag dito ng mga tribu sa Bontoc. "Agung" o "kulintang" naman sa mga Maranao
-Ang instrumentong ay pinupukpok ng isang patpat
-Ito ay yari sa metal.
Sulibaw
Idiophone
Sulibaw
-Ginagamit ng mga taong Ibaloi na mga Igorot sa Kalinga.
-Ang instrumentong ito ay tinutugtog nang nakapatong sa kandungan ng manunugtog
-Ito ay hudis apa (cone)
Balingbing
Idiophone
Balingbing
Group: Kalingga
Photograph, copyright: F. de JagerClassification
Idiophone, bamboo buzzer
Description
Bamboo tube, one side closed. Two tongues and a crack up to the node; hole. The instrument is played by beating one of the tongues against the arm or wrist; sound can be changed by closing and opening the hole. Usually played by at least seven individuals, each with one buzzer. Player play their own rythmic pattern, all patterns fit together ('interlocking'). Players can form long rows while dancing in an open space (such as a central meadow).
Dimensions: vary from 30 to 50 cm. depending on desired tonal height.
A group of women plays the balingbing
Photograph copyright: F. de Jager
Courtesy Philippine Council for Living TraditionsRemarks
Ethnic group: Kalingga
Location: North Luzon (Cordillera)
Similar instruments are played by:
- Ibaloi, North Luzon; pakkung
source: www.kipas.nl
Bangibang
Idiophone
Bangibang
Group: Ifugao
Photograph copyright: F. de JagerClassification
Idiophone, percussion bar
Description
Set of at least seven wooden bars made of hard wood. Each bar has its own pitch and is hit by the player with a short stick of hard wood. Players have one stick each and play their own rythmic pattern, which fall together ('interlocking').
See also: Balingbing.Dimensions: length: 47,5 cm., height: 5 cm., diameter: 2,6 cm.
source: www.kipas.nl
Gabbang
Idiophone
Gabbang
Group: Taosug
Front view
Top view
The resonating case, decorated with floral motives
The two beaters
Photographs copyright: F. de JagerClassification
Idiophone, xylophone
Description
Xylophone with 17 keys made of bamboo, separated by metal nails. The resonating case is dcorated with floral motives. At the sides are two mirrors.
The beaters are made of wood with a piece of tube rubber
Dimensions: length: 102 cm., width: 51 cm. height: 37 cm.
Remarks
The Gabbang can be played as a solo instrument. Sometimes a duo is formed with a 'biula', a local violin.
A Taosug woman plays the gabbang.
Photograph: courtesy Dolf HeubersEthnic group: Taosug
Location: Jolo (muslim south)
source: www.kipas.nl
Kinaban
Idiophone
Kinaban
Group: Hanunoo
Photograph copyright: F. de Jager
Classification
Idiophone, jaw harp
Description
Made of bamboo; the instrument is held horizontally with the bamboo tongue in front of the opened mouth. The left end is hit by the thumb of the right hand. This makes the bamboo tongue vibrate which causes a sound. The mouth serves as a resonator and by changing the shape and size of the mouth opening, the overtones can be changed, thus creating a melody. By strongly breathing in or out the volume can be changed as well. For a picture of the instrument in use: see the Kubing from the Atta.
Dimensions: length: 14,9 cm., width: 0,8 cm.
Remarks
Ethnic group: Hanunoo
Location: Mindoro
source: www.kipas.nl
Kubing
Idiophone
Kubing
Group: Atta
Photograph copyright: F. de JagerClassification
Idiophone, jaw harp
Description
Made of bamboo; Made of bamboo; the instrument is held horizontally with the bamboo tongue in front of the opened mouth. The left end is hit by the thumb of the right hand. This makes the bamboo tongue vibrate which causes a sound. The mouth serves as a resonator and by changing the shape and size of the mouth opening, the overtones can be changed, thus creating a melody. By strongly breathing in or out the volume can be changed as well.
Dimensions: length: 20,8 cm., width: 1 cm.
Remarks
Ethnic group: Atta
Location: SE Mindanao
source: www.kipas.nl
Kulintang
Idiophone
Kulintang ensemble
Group: Maranao
The complete ensemble
Two gongs on the stand
The head representing the mythical bird Sarimanok
Photographs copyright: F. de JagerClassification
Idiophones: gong chime and large gong
Membranophones: conical drum and cylindrical drumLocal names
Description
Set of eight gongs made of bronze, on a wooden stand in the shape of a Sarimanok(mythical bird, divine messenger). Accompanied by one larger gong (here made of iron, but usually also made of bronze) and two drums. The eight small gongs differ in pitch but the height of the tone is not fixed and can differ per set. The number of large gongs can vary from one to several gongs of different pitch and size. The small gongs are struck with two sticks of appr. 30 cm. length and made of a soft kind of wood, probably of the papaya tree. The large gong is struck with a special beater. The conical drum is struck with a thin piece of bamboo of appr. 40 c.m. length. The cylindrical drum is struck with either the hands or two short wooden sticks.
To indicate the dimensions of the whole set, the length of the Sarimanok-shaped stand is 2,60 mtr, from head to tail. For other dimensions, see the pages of the other instruments of the ensemble (see above).
Remarks
The drums, the stand and the frame are all quite roughly made but elaborately decorated with colourfully painted wood carvings, called 'okiran'.
The stand for the large gong is a copy based on photographs of a stand used by a Maranaw cultural group. The stand was made for the exhibiton 'Ugnayan, music in the Philippines', in 1977 in the The Hague Municipal Museum and in 1978 in the Rotterdam Ethnographic Museum.
Ethnic group: Maranao
Location: Central-west Mindanao (muslim south)
source: www.kipas.nl
Kumbing
Idiophone
Kumbing
Group: Manobo
Photograph copyright: F. de JagerClassification
Idiophone, jaw harp
Description
Made of bamboo; the instrument is held before the opened mouth with the cut out tongue in front of the mouth opening. The left end is hit by the right hand. This makes the metal tongue vibrate which causes a sound. The mouth serves as a resonator and by changing the shape and size of the mouth opening, the overtones can be changed, thus creating a melody. By strongly breathing in or out the volume can be changed as well.
Dimensions: length: 14,9 cm., width: 0,9 cm.
Remarks
Ethnic group: Manobo
Location: Central Mindanao
source: www.kipas.nl
Palipal
Idiophone
Palipal
Group: Ifugao
Side view
Top view
Photographs copyright: F. de JagerClassification
Idiophone, bamboo clapper
Description
Bamboo tube, one end open; cut open in the middle; upper part cut into two halves. The instrument is played by shaking: one half swings up and down and in the down swing hits the lower half. For playing technique: see BalingbingRemarks
Ethnic group: Ifugao
Location: North Luzon (Cordillera)
source: www.kipas.nl
Tagutok
Idiophone
Tagutok
Group: Maranaw
Photographs copyright: F. de JagerClassification
Idiophone
Description
Decorated bamboo scraper, length: 46 cm., diameter: 9 cm.Remarks
Ethnic group: Maranaw
Location: Central-west Mindanao (muslim south)
source: www.kipas.nl
Tuganang
Idiophone
Bunkaka/Balingbing/ Bilbil/Tuganang/
-Kilala ito na ginagamit ng mga taong Tingguian (o mga Itneg ng Abra), isang tribu ng mga Igorot sa bulubundukin ng Cordillera.
-Ang instrumentong "bunkaka" at "balingbing" ay mga tawag hango sa salitang Kalinga, at "bilbil" naman sa wikang Itneg ng mga Tingguianos.
-"Tuganang" naman ang tawag dito ng mga tribu sa Palawan.
-Ang isang dulo nito ay pinapalo sa palad upang mapatunog ito.
-Ito ay isang kawayan na kung saan ang isang dulo nito ay nakabuka.
Tangunggu
Idiophone
Tanggunggu
Group: Kalagan
Photograph copyright: F. de JagerClassification
Gong chime: idiophones
DescriptionSet of eight small gongs made of iron, usually hanging on a rest of rope. The lower right gong is played as an ostinato while the melody is played on the other gongs, around the ostinato.Local namesSet of eight gongs: Tanggunggu
Largest gong: Unsaranan (lit. mother)
The other gongs (rising in pitch): Bandilanan, Tubaganan, Litokanan
The highest gong: Tulus
The ostinato: Patawaganan
Beater: Tinkulai
The small Tanggunggu (Kalagan, Mount Tandawanan, SE Mindanao)
Photograph copyright: F. de JagerRemarks
Ethnic groups: Kalagan, B'laan, Manuvu, Bagobo, a.o.
Location: South east MindanaoThere is also a set of five to fifteen large gongs, played in the same way, sometimes with two players, one player for the ostinato and one for the melody.
The large Tanggunggu, (Kaloagan,
Mount Tandawanan, SE Mindanao)
Photograph copyright: F. de Jager
source: www.kipas.nl
Tongkaling
Idiophone
Tongkaling
Group: B'laan
A Tongkaling with a particular design
Tongkaling, bronze bells, on a dance girdleClassification
Idiophones, pellet bells or crotal bells
Description
Brass bells, used as an amulet or as a musical instrument. In the picture fourteen brass bells are fixed to a metal girdle. Nine of these bells have a particular design (a tiger's face). The girdle with tongkaling is used during the performance of a dance around a logdrum (the 'udul; 'u' pronounced as in 'enough') on which the woman with the two beaters plays a steady rhythm and the dancer plays complex syncopic rhythms interlocking with the sound of the two beaters.
Photo copyright: F. de Jager, courtesy Philippine
Council for Living TraditionsFor an extensive report on these bells with a tiger's face and their use, see the website on tiger bells.
Local names
Tongkaling: larger brass pellet bells
Gurung-gurung: smaller brass pellet bellsRemarks
Ethnic group: B'laan
Location: SE Mindanao
source: www.kipas.nl
Dadabuan
Membrano-phone
Dadabuan
Group: Maranao
Photograph copyright: F. de JagerClassification
Membranophone, hour glass shaped drum
Description
Hour glass shaped drum made of wood; the membrane is made of carabao skin. Decorated with carvings and painted. The drum is part of the Kulintang ensemble.
Dimensions: height: 59 cm. diameter (membrane): 19 cm.
Remarks
Ethnic group: Maranao
Location: West central Mindanao (muslim south)
source: www.kipas.nl
Gandang
Membrano-phone
Gandang
Group: Maranao
Photograph copyright: F. de JagerClassification
Membranophone, double headed cylindrical drum
Description
Cylindrical drum, made of wood with a membrane made of carabo skin on each side. Decorated with 'okiran' motives and painted. The drum is part of the Kulintang ensemble.
Dimensions: height: 34 cm., diameter: 17 cm.
Remarks
Ethnic group: Maranao
Location: West central Mindabao (muslim south)
source: www.kipas.nl
*Idiophones [Pinupukpok] = percussion instruments
Lumilikha ito ng tunog kapag pinupukpok, kinakalog, hinahampas o hinahataw (sounds are created when these instruments are battered, shakened, hit or smashed).Ang pagdagundong nito ay nalilikha kahit na walang mga tali gaya ng sa gitara (vibrations are created even when there are no strings--such as strings in guitars--that are included or attached in the instrument).
